World Data Center
| Abbreviation | WDC |
|---|---|
| Successor | World Data System (WDS) |
| Formation | 1957 |
| Type | INGO |
| Purpose | science data archive |
Region served | Worldwide |
Official language | English, French |
Parent organization | International Council for Science (ICSU) |
The World Data Centre (WDC) system was created to archive and distribute data collected from the observational programmes of the 1957–1958 International Geophysical Year by the International Council of Science (ICSU).[1][2] The WDCs were funded and maintained by their host countries on behalf of the international science community.
Originally established in the United States, Europe, Soviet Union, and Japan, the WDC system expanded to other countries and to new scientific disciplines.[3] The WDC system included up to 52 Centres in 12 countries, with some data centres replicating another.[4][5] All data held in WDCs were available for the cost of copying and sending the requested information.
At the end of 2008, following the ICSU General Assembly in Maputo (Mozambique), the World Data Centres were reformed and a new ISC World Data System (WDS) established in 2009 building on the 50-year legacy of the ICSU World Data Centre system (WDC) and the ICSU Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical data-analysis Services.
| Centre or Service | Acronym | Parent | Host | Nation | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Gravimetric Bureau | BGI | IAG, CNES | Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées | France | 1951 | bgi |
| International Space Environment Service | ISES | Natural Resources Canada | Geomagnetic Laboratory | Canada | 1956 | www.spaceweather.org |
| International Service of Geomagnetic Indices | ISGI | IUGG | Observatory for Earth Sciences (EOST) | France | 1956 | |
| Solar-Terrestial Physics | STP | Russian Academy of Sciences | Geophysical Center | Russia | 1956 | |
| NOAA | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) | USA | 1957 | [6] | ||
| Airglow | National Astronomical Observatory of Japan | Japan | 1957 | |||
| Cosmic Rays | Nagoya University | Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory | Japan | 1957 | ||
| Geomagnetism | Kyoto University | International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET) | Japan | 1957 | [7] | |
| NOAA | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) | USA | 1957 | [8] | ||
| Glaciology | NOAA | National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) | USA | 1957 | [9] AGS 1957-1969,
USGS 1970-1976 | |
| Ionosphere | National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) | Japan | 1957 | |||
| Meteorology | NOAA | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) | USA | 1957 | [10] | |
| Oceanography | NOAA | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) | USA | 1957 | [11]
Texas A&M 1957-1961, NODC 1961-2015 | |
| Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level | PSMSL | National Oceanography Centre (NOC) | UK | 1957 | formerly Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Liverpool | |
| Rockets and Satellites | NASA | NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive (NSSDCA) | USA | 1957 | [12]
US National Academy of Sciences 1957-1968 | |
| Nuclear Radiation | Japan Meteorological Agency | Meteorological Research Institute | Japan | |||
| International Center for Earth Tides | ICET | University of French Polynesia | Tahiti Geodetic Observatory | France | 1966 | |
| Soils | IUSS | International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC) | The Netherlands | 1966 | ||
| Solar Radio Emissions | Nobeyama Radio Observatory | Japan | 1969 | |||
| Solid Earth Geophysics | SEG | NOAA | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) | USA | 1971 | [13] |
| Astronomy | IAU, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Observatory of Strasbourg (CDS) | France | 1972 | ||
| Rotation of the Earth | United States Naval Observatory (USNO) | USA | 1972 | |||
| Climate | University of Hamburg | Max Planck Institute for Meteorology | Germany | 1975 | ||
| Marine Geology and Geophysics | NOAA | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) | USA | 1975 | [14] | |
| Solar Activity | Observatoire de Meudon | France | 1978 | |||
| Aurora | National Institute of Polar Research | Japan | 1981 | |||
| Atmospheric Trace Gases | DoE | Environmental System Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem (ESS-DIVE) | USA | 1982 | ess-dive.lbl.gov
ORNL CDIAC 1982-2017 | |
| Sunspot Index & Solar Influences | SILSO, SIDC | IAU | Royal Observatory of Belgium | Belgium | 1985 | |
| World Glacier Monitoring Service | WGMS | IUGG | University of Zurich | Switzerland | 1986 | |
| Seismology | USGS | National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) | USA | 1986 | ||
| International Earth Rotation and Reference system Services | IERS | USNO | USA | 1988 | www.iers.org | |
| Paleoclimatology | NOAA | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) | USA | 1989 | ||
| International GNSS Service | IGS | IUGG | NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory | USA | 1994 | |
| Human Interactions in the Environment | Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) | NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) | USA | 1995 | ||
| International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry | IVS | IUGG | NASA Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) | USA | 2001 | ivscc |
| Aerosols | Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) | Norway | NILU.no | |||
| Biodiversity and Ecology | Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) | Denmark | 2001 | |||
| Marine Environmental Sciences | Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research | Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM) | Germany | 2001 | ||
| Land Cover Data & Remotely Sensed Land Data | USGS | EROS Data Center | USA | 2002 | ||
| Recent Crustal Movements | Geodetic Observatory Pecny | Czech Republic |
References
[edit]- ^ Korsmo, F. L. (2010) The Origins and Principles of the World Data Center system CODATA Data Science Journal, Volume 8
- ^ Dieminger, Walter; Hartmann, Gerd K. & Leitinger, Reinhart (1996) The World Data Center System, International Data Exchange, and New ICSU Programs The Upper Atmosphere Springer-Verlag pp 921–941
- ^ Aronova, Elena (2017) Geophysical Datascapes of the Cold War: Politics and Practices of the World Data Centers in the 1950s and 1960s Osiris Volume 32, Number 1
- ^ Strategic Committee on Information and Data ICSU 2008 p27-30
- ^ WDC List NOAA
- ^ WDC A Report Upper Atmosphere Geophysics NOAA 1971 piv
- ^ What is 'World Data Center'? Kyoto University
- ^ World Data System NOAA
- ^ Barry, Roger G. and Gan, Thian Yew (2022) The Global Cryosphere p5, 103
- ^ World Data Centres WMO
- ^ Moffat, Ronald (1998) WDC A Oceanography Catalogue of Data WDCA-OC-98-1 p1, 7, 26
- ^ About the World Data Center for Satellite Information NASA
- ^ Directory of US Data Repositories Supporting the International Geodynamics Project NOAA 1978 pii
- ^ NOAA (1990) The National Geophysical Data Center p77, 91
External links
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