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Voiced retroflex flap

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Voiced retroflex flap
ɽ
IPA Number125
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɽ
Unicode (hex)U+027D
X-SAMPAr`
Braille⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)

The voiced retroflex flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɽ⟩, a letter r with tail, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r`.

Features

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Features of the voiced retroflex flap:

Occurrence

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Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Bengali[1] গাড়ি [ɡäɽiː] 'car' Apical postalveolar.[1] See Bengali phonology
Dutch[2][3] North Brabant[4] riem [ɽim] 'belt' A rare word-initial variant of /r/.[5][6] Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology
Northern Netherlands[4][7]
Elfdalian luv [ɽʏːv] 'permission'
Enga la [jɑɽɑ] 'shame'
Gokana[8] bele [beːɽeː] 'we' Apical postalveolar. Allophone of /l/, medially between vowels within the morpheme, and finally in the morpheme before a following vowel in the same word. It can be a postalveolar trill or simply [l] instead.[8]
Hausa bara [bəɽä] 'servant' Represented in Arabic script with ⟨ر⟩
Hindustani[9] Hindi ड़ा [bəɽäː] 'big' Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms.[9] See Hindustani phonology
Urdu بڑا
Nepali[10] भाडा [bʱäɽä] 'rent' Apical postalveolar; postvocalic allophone of /ɖ, ɖʱ/.[11] See Nepali phonology
Norwegian Central dialects[12] blad [bɽɑː] 'leaf' Allophone of /l/ and /r/. In Urban East Norwegian it often alternates with the alveolar [ɾ], save for a small number of words.[12][13] See Norwegian phonology
Eastern dialects[12][13]
Odia[14] ଗାଡ଼ି [ɡäɽiː] 'car' Apical postalveolar; postvocalic allophone of /ɖ, ɖʱ/.[14]
Okinawan karatii [kaɽatii] 'karate' Intervocalic allophone of /ɾ/.
Parkari Koli ۿُونَواڙ [ɦuːnaʋaːɽ] 'desolate, deserted'
Portuguese Some European speakers[15] falar [fɐˈläɽ] 'to speak' Allophone of /ɾ/. See Portuguese phonology
Brazilian caipira speakers[16][17] madeira [mäˈd̪eɽə] 'wood'
Some sertanejo speakers[18] gargalhar [ɡäɽɡäˈʎäɽ] 'to guffaw'
Punjabi[19] Gurmukhi ਘੋੜਾ [gʱòːɽaː] 'horse'
Shahmukhi گھوڑا
Scottish Gaelic Lewis thuirt [hʉɽʈ] 'said' Possible realisation of /rˠ/.
Shipibo[20] roro [ˈɽo̽ɽo̽] 'to break' Apical postalveolar; possible realization of /r/.[20]
Swedish Some dialects[13] blad [bɽɑː(d)] 'leaf' Allophone of /l/ and /ɖ/. See Swedish phonology
Tamil நாடு / نَاڊُ [naːɽɯ] 'country' Intervocalic and word-medial allophone of /ʈ/. See Tamil phonology
Telugu గోడు [goːɽu] 'grief' Allophone of /ɖ/
Tukano[21] Ye’pâ-Masa petâ-de [pɛ̀ɛ̥̀táɽɛ᷆] '(relative to the) port' Realisation of ⟨d⟩ in certain positions. Nasalised [ɽ͂] in nasal contexts.[21]
Wapishana[22] [pɨɖaɽɨ] 'your father'
Warlpiri jarda [caɽa] 'sleep' Transcribes /ɽ/ as rd.
Yidiny[23] [gambi:ɽ] 'tablelands'

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Mazumdar (2000:57)
  2. ^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001:91, 94–95, 97, 101, 107)
  3. ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:50–51, 53–55)
  4. ^ a b Goeman & van de Velde (2001:107)
  5. ^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001:95, 97, 101, 107)
  6. ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:50–51, 53–54)
  7. ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:54)
  8. ^ a b L.F. Brosnahan. "Outlines of the phonology of the Gokana dialect of Ogoni" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-03. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
  9. ^ a b Tiwari (2004:?)
  10. ^ Khatiwada (2009:377)
  11. ^ Khatiwada (2009:374)
  12. ^ a b c Heide (2010:3–44)
  13. ^ a b c Kristoffersen (2000:24)
  14. ^ a b Masica (1991:107)
  15. ^ Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP (in Portuguese)
  16. ^ (in Portuguese) Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. Irineu da Silva Ferraz. Pages 19–21
  17. ^ (in Portuguese) Syllable coda /r/ in the "capital" of the paulista hinterland: sociolinguistic analisis Archived 2013-09-26 at the Wayback Machine. Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF)
  18. ^ (in Portuguese) Rhotic consonants in the speech of three municipalities of Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty Archived 2017-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. Pages 22 and 23.
  19. ^ Bashir, Elena; J. Conners, Thomas (2019). "3.3.1". A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki. Vol. 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 24. ISBN 9781614512257.
  20. ^ a b Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001:282)
  21. ^ a b Ramirez (2019:22)
  22. ^ dos Santos (2006:34)
  23. ^ Dixon, R.M.W (1977). A Grammar of Yidiɲ. London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-521-14242-7.

References

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