1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 184 seats[b] in the United States House of Representatives 93 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Unconditional Union gain Unconditional Union hold Emancipation-Union gain[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 2, 1862, and November 3, 1863, during the American Civil War and President Abraham Lincoln's first term. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 38th United States Congress convened on December 7, 1863. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1860 United States census was performed assuming the seceded states were still in the union, increasing the number of congressional districts to 241. West Virginia was given three seats from Virginia after the former broke away from the latter to rejoin the union as a separate state. The seceded states remained unrepresented and left 58 vacancies. Republicans lost 22 seats and the majority, while Democrats gained 28.
The Civil War to date had been only weakly successful for the Union, but had wrought major, disruptive change in the size and reach of the Federal Government, which before the war had been small and little seen beyond post offices, customs houses in ports, and scattered military posts. The Republican Party was also relatively new, yet had led the Union down a radical path of rapid industrialization and destructive total war.
Voters turned on the administration over its failure to deliver a swift victory over the Confederate rebellion (at times verging on military incompetence), along with rising inflation and new taxes to pay for the war effort, the suspension of habeas corpus, and the introduction of conscription.
Expressing a typical sentiment, the Cincinnati Gazette had editorialized that voters "are depressed by the interminable nature of this war, as so far conducted, and by the rapid exhaustion of the national resources without progress."[3] Short of a majority, Republicans retained control with the support of the Unconditional Union Party. In September 1862, President Lincoln had warned the South that he planned by executive order, and as a war measure, to liberate all slaves in rebelling states as of January 1, 1863. The popularity of emancipation varied by region. It was more popular in New England and areas near the Great Lakes, and less popular in cities with large immigrant populations and in the southern portion of the North.
While Democrats hailed the elections as a repudiation of emancipation, the results did not alter Lincoln's plan or hamper prosecution of the war.[4] In Lincoln's home district of Springfield, Illinois, John T. Stuart, a Democrat and one of Lincoln's former law partners, defeated the Republican incumbent. A fear of an influx of freed slaves competing for jobs and depressing wages, and a desire by white voters to prevent black suffrage, helped drive this result and others.[5]
The sitting House Speaker, Galusha Grow of Pennsylvania, also lost re-election, but he would return to the House 30 years later in 1894. A Speaker of the House would not lose re-election again until 1994.
Election summaries
[edit]The eight Representatives remaining from Tennessee and Virginia in the 37th Congress were absent from the 38th Congress. Other seceded states remained unrepresented, leaving 58 vacancies[6] Upon admission, West Virginia was allotted three Representatives [7] and during the second session one seat was added for the new state of Nevada.[8]
Reapportionment transpired according to the 1860 census, under the 1850 Apportionment Act[9] providing a total of 233 seats. A later Act added eight seats,[10] increasing the total to 241.
72 | 2 | 85 | 25 |
Democratic | [c] | Republican | Unconditional Union |
State | Type | Date | Total seats (Reapportionment) |
Democratic | Independent Republican |
Republican | Unconditional Union[d] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oregon | At-large | June 2, 1862 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maine | Districts | September 8, 1862 | 5 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indiana | Districts | October 14, 1862 | 11 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Iowa | Districts | 6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ohio | Districts | 19 | ![]() |
14 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | Districts | 24 | ![]() |
12 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Delaware | At-large | November 1, 1862 | 1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Massachusetts | Districts | 10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Illinois | Districts | November 4, 1862 (Election Day)[e] |
14 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kansas | At-large | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michigan | Districts | 6 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minnesota | Districts | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Missouri | Districts | 9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | Districts | 5 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New York | Districts | 31 | ![]() |
17 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
14 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wisconsin | Districts | 6 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Late elections (after the March 4, 1863 beginning of the term) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Hampshire | Districts | March 10, 1863 | 3 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | Districts | April 1, 1863 | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut | Districts | April 6, 1863 | 4 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kentucky | Districts | August 3, 1863 | 9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vermont | Districts | September 1, 1863 | 3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
California | At-large | September 2, 1863 | 3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
West Virginia[f] | Districts | October 22, 1863 | 3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maryland | Districts | November 3, 1863 | 5 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secessionist States | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alabama | Districts | None | 6 | ![]() |
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Arkansas | Districts | None | 3 | ![]() |
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Florida | At-large | None | 1 | ![]() |
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Georgia | Districts | None | 7 | ![]() |
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Louisiana | Districts | None | 5 | ![]() |
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Mississippi | Districts | None | 5 | ![]() |
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North Carolina | Districts | None | 7 | ![]() |
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South Carolina | Districts | None | 4 | ![]() |
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Tennessee | Districts | None | 8 | ![]() |
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Texas | Districts | None | 4 | ![]() |
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Virginia | Districts | None | 11[g] | ![]() |
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Total[b] | 184 | ![]() |
72 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
85 | ![]() |
25 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
58 Vacancies[h] | 39.1% | 1.1% | 46.2% | 13.6% |
Special elections
[edit]There were seven special elections during the 37th Congress, and two during the 38th Congress.
37th Congress
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | Joseph Segar | Unconditional Union | 1861 | Incumbent declared not entitled February 11, 1862. Incumbent re-elected March 15, 1862. Unconditional Union hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 7 | Thomas B. Cooper | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent died April 4, 1862. New member elected May 24, 1862. Democratic hold. |
|
Maine 2 | Charles W. Walton | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent resigned May 26, 1862. New member elected September 8, 1862. Republican hold. |
|
Kentucky 2 | James S. Jackson | Unconditional Union | 1861 | Incumbent resigned December 13, 1861. New member elected October 27, 1862. Unconditional Union hold. |
|
Massachusetts 9 | Goldsmith Bailey | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent died May 8, 1862. New member elected November 4, 1862. Republican hold. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Luther Hanchett | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent died November 24, 1862. New member elected December 30, 1862. Republican hold. Successor was also elected to the next term, see below. |
|
Virginia 7 | Charles H. Upton | Unconditional Union | 1861 | Election invalidated February 27, 1862. New member elected January 15, 1863. Unconditional Union hold. |
|
38th Congress
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 6 | Luther Hanchett | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent member-elect died November 23, 1862. New member elected December 30, 1862. Republican hold. Successor was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
|
New York 14 | Erastus Corning | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent resigned October 5, 1863. New member elected November 3, 1863. Democratic hold. |
|
Delaware at-large | William Temple | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent died May 28, 1863. New member elected November 19, 1863. Unconditional Union gain. |
|
Alabama
[edit]Alabama elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.
Arkansas
[edit]Arkansas elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.
California
[edit]Note: From statehood to 1866, California's representatives were elected state-wide at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858. In 1860, when California gained a seat, the top three vote-getters were elected.
California elected its members September 2, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large Plural district with 3 seats |
Timothy Phelps | Republican | 1861 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Aaron A. Sargent | Republican | 1861 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | ||
Frederick F. Low | Republican | 1861 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
Connecticut
[edit]Connecticut elected its members April 6, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened. The democratic party lost a seat while the Republicans gained one.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Colorado Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
Delaware
[edit]Delaware elected its sole member November 1, 1862.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | George P. Fisher | Unconditional Union | 1860 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Dakota Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
Florida
[edit]Florida elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.
Georgia
[edit]Georgia elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.
Idaho Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
Illinois
[edit]Illinois elected its members November 4, 1862.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Indiana
[edit]Indiana elected its members October 14, 1862.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Iowa
[edit]Iowa elected its members October 14, 1862.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Kansas
[edit]Kansas elected its member November 4, 1862.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Kentucky
[edit]Kentucky elected its members August 3, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Louisiana
[edit]Although Louisiana had withdrawn from the Union during the Civil War, elections were held on December 3, 1862, for the two congressional districts in portions of the state under Union control.[11] The seats had been vacant since the end of the 36th Congress; however, Flanders and Hahn were not seated until February 17, 1863,[12] 15 days before the end of their term.[13]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | Vacant | Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union. Union Association gain. |
| ||
Louisiana 2 | Vacant | Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union. Union Association gain. |
|
Maine
[edit]Maine elected its members September 8, 1862.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Maryland
[edit]Maryland elected its members November 3, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Massachusetts
[edit]Massachusetts elected its members November 1, 1862.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Thomas D. Eliot | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 2 | James Buffington | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Massachusetts 3 | Alexander H. Rice Redistricted from the 4th district. |
Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 4 | Samuel Hooper Redistricted from the 5th district. |
Republican | 1861 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | John B. Alley Redistricted from the 6th district. |
Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 6 | Daniel W. Gooch Redistricted from the 7th district. |
Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 7 | Benjamin F. Thomas Redistricted from the 3rd district. |
Union | 1861 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Charles R. Train Redistricted from the 8th district. |
Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | ||
Massachusetts 8 | Vacant (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Massachusetts 9 | Vacant | Goldsmith Bailey (R) died May 8, 1862. Republican hold. |
| ||
Charles Delano Redistricted from the 10th district. |
Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | ||
Massachusetts 10 | Henry L. Dawes Redistricted from the 11th district. |
Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan
[edit]Michigan elected its members November 4, 1862.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | Fernando C. Beaman Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Republican | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 2 | None (New seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Michigan 3 | Bradley F. Granger Redistricted from the 1st district |
Republican | 1860 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat. Republican hold. |
|
Michigan 4 | Francis W. Kellogg Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 5 | Rowland E. Trowbridge Redistricted from the 4th district |
Republican | 1860 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Michigan 6 | None (New seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
|
Minnesota
[edit]Minnesota elected its members November 4, 1862.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota 1 | William Windom Redistricted from the at-large district |
Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota 2 | Cyrus Aldrich Redistricted from the at-large district |
Republican | 1859 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Republican hold. |
|
Mississippi
[edit]Mississippi elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.
Missouri
[edit]Missouri elected its members November 4, 1862.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Nebraska Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
Nevada Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
New Hampshire
[edit]New Hampshire elected its members March 10, 1863.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
New Mexico Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
New Jersey
[edit]New Jersey elected its members November 4, 1862.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
New York
[edit]New York elected its members November 4, 1862. The state lost two seats in reapportionment, going from 33 members to 31.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | Edward H. Smith | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 2 | |||||
New York 3 | |||||
New York 4 | |||||
New York 5 | |||||
New York 6 | |||||
New York 7 | |||||
New York 8 | |||||
New York 9 | |||||
New York 10 | |||||
New York 11 | |||||
New York 12 | |||||
New York 13 | |||||
New York 14 | |||||
New York 15 | |||||
New York 16 | |||||
New York 17 | |||||
New York 18 | |||||
New York 19 | |||||
New York 20 | |||||
New York 21 | |||||
New York 22 | |||||
New York 23 | |||||
New York 24 | |||||
New York 25 | |||||
New York 26 | |||||
New York 27 | |||||
New York 28 | |||||
New York 29 | |||||
New York 30 | |||||
New York 31 |
North Carolina
[edit]North Carolina elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.
Ohio
[edit]Ohio elected its members October 14, 1862.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[23] | |
Ohio 1 | George H. Pendleton | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 2 | John A. Gurley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 3 | Clement Vallandigham | Democratic | 1858 (contested) | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Ohio 4 | William Allen | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Ohio 5 | New district | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Ohio 6 | Chilton A. White | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 7 | Richard A. Harrison | Unionist | 1861 (special) | Incumbent retired. Unionist loss. |
|
Samuel S. Cox Redistricted from the 12th district |
Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Samuel Shellabarger Redistricted from the 8th district |
Republican | 1860 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican loss. | ||
Ohio 8 | New district | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Ohio 9 | Warren P. Noble | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Samuel T. Worcester Redistricted from the 13th district |
Republican | 1861 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican loss. | ||
Ohio 10 | James M. Ashley Redistricted from the 5th district |
Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 11 | Valentine B. Horton | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 12 | Carey A. Trimble Redistricted from the 10th district |
Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 13 | New district | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Ohio 14 | Harrison G. O. Blake | Republican | 1859 (special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 15 | Robert H. Nugen | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
|
James R. Morris Redistricted from the 17th district |
Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
William P. Cutler Redistricted from the 16th district |
Republican | 1860 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican loss. | ||
Ohio 16 | New district | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Ohio 17 | New district | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
Ohio 18 | Sidney Edgerton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Ohio 19 | Albert G. Riddle | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Oregon
[edit]Oregon elected its members June 2, 1862.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Pennsylvania
[edit]Pennsylvania elected its members October 14, 1862.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Rhode Island
[edit]Rhode Island elected its members April 1, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
South Carolina
[edit]South Carolina elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.
Tennessee
[edit]Tennessee elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.
Texas
[edit]Texas elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.
Utah Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
Vermont
[edit]Vermont elected its members September 1, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[24] | |
Vermont 1 | E. P. Walton | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Vermont 2 | Justin S. Morrill | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Vermont 3 | Portus Baxter | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
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Virginia
[edit]Virginia elected its members May 28, 1863, but they were all disqualified.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | Joseph Segar | Unconditional Union |
1861 1862 (disqualified)[25] 1862 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected but disqualified May 17, 1864.[25] Unconditional Union loss. |
|
Virginia 2 | Vacant | New member elected but disqualified May 17, 1864. |
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Virginia 3 | Vacant | ||||
Virginia 4 | Vacant | ||||
Virginia 5 | Vacant | ||||
Virginia 6 | Vacant | ||||
Virginia 7 | Lewis McKenzie | Unconditional Union |
1863 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected but disqualified. Unconditional Union loss. |
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Virginia 8 | Vacant | New member elected January 5, 1863 but disqualified March 2, 1863. |
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Washington Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
West Virginia
[edit]West Virginia elected three representatives on October 22, 1863, after becoming a state on June 20, 1863, but before the Congress convened. It was made up of three districts that previously belonged to Virginia, all of which were vacant before the elections. They were seated on December 7, 1863.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Vacant | New seat. Unconditional Unionist gain. |
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West Virginia 2 | Vacant | New seat. Unconditional Unionist gain. |
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West Virginia 3 | Vacant | New seat. Unconditional Unionist gain. |
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Wisconsin
[edit]Wisconsin elected six U.S. Representatives on Election Day, 4 November 1862; Democrats gained three seats.
Three seats were newly apportioned. One incumbent was redistricted and won re-election in his new district, but died on 19 November. Two special elections were held 30 December 1862, to replace him for both the remainder of his old term and his new term.[30]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | John F. Potter | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Wisconsin 2 | New district. | New seat. Republican gain. |
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Wisconsin 3 | A. Scott Sloan | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 4 | New district. | New seat. Democratic gain. |
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Wisconsin 5 | New district. | New seat. Democratic gain. |
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Wisconsin 6 | Luther Hanchett Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Republican | 1860 | Incumbent re-elected. Member-elect died November 23, 1862, leading to two special elections, see above. |
|
Non-voting delegates
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Colorado Territory at-large | Hiram Pitt Bennet | Conservative Republican | 1861 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Dakota Territory at-large | John Blair Smith Todd | Democratic | 1861 | Incumbent lost re-election. New delegate elected. Republican gain. Election was later overturned. |
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Idaho Territory at-large | New seat | Territory established. New delegate elected October 31, 1863 in anticipation of territorial status. Union gain. Delegate seated February 1, 1864. |
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Nebraska Territory at-large | Samuel Gordon Daily | Republican | 1860 (won contest) | Incumbent re-elected in 1862. |
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Nevada Territory at-large | John Cradlebaugh | Independent | 1861 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New delegate elected in 1862. Republican gain. |
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New Mexico Territory at-large | John Sebrie Watts | Republican | 1860–61 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Republican hold. |
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Utah Territory at-large | John M. Bernhisel | Independent | 1850–51 1858–59 (lost) 1860–61 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Washington Territory at-large | William H. Wallace | Republican | 1860–61 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Democratic gain. |
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See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Regular elections only; excluding specials and states admitted after the start of Congress.
- ^ a b Including late elections.
- ^ There were 2 Independent Republicans
- ^ Including all members elected as Unionists.
- ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
- ^ New state.
- ^ Subsequently, 3 seats were transferred to the new state of West Virginia.
- ^ After 3 seats were reassigned from Virginia to West Virginia.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "38th Congress (1863–1865)". U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ "Electing the House of Representatives". University of Richmond. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
- ^ Nevins (1960), 6:318-22, quote on p. 322.
- ^ Voegeli (1963).
- ^ Tap (1993).
- ^ Dubin, p. 197.
- ^ 12 Stat. 633
- ^ 13 Stat. 32
- ^ 9 Stat. 432
- ^ 12 Stat. 353
- ^ "Important from New-Orleans: Result of the Congressional Elections". The New York Times. December 12, 1862. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
- ^ "The Proceedings of Congress: House of Representatives". The New York Times. February 18, 1863. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
- ^ John D. Winters, The Civil War in Louisiana, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963, ISBN 0-8071-0834-0, pp. 133-134
- ^ "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 04 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 05 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 06 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MN - District 01 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. July 22, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "MN - District 02 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. July 22, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NY District 1 Race - Nov 04, 1862".
- ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 150, 151.
- ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
- ^ a b "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details". bioguideretro.congress.gov.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - VA - District 01 Race - May 28, 1863". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - VA - District 02 Race - May 28, 1863". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - VA - District 07 Race - May 28, 1863". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - VA - District 08 Race - Jan 05, 1863". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1862". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - DK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1862". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - ID Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 31, 1863". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
- ^ "Collections of the NSHS - Volume 18". www.usgennet.org.
Bibliography
[edit]- Allardice, Bruce S., “‘Illinois is Rotten with Traitors!’ The Republican Defeat in the 1862 State Election,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 104 (Spring–Summer 2011), 97–114.
- Carson, Jamie L. et al. "The Impact of National Tides and District-Level Effects on Electoral Outcomes: The U.S. Congressional Elections of 1862–63," American Journal of Political Science, October 2001, Vol. 45 Issue 4, pp 887–898 in JSTOR
- Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union: vol 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863 (1960)
- Shankman, Arnold. "Francis W. Hughes and the 1862 Pennsylvania Election." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 1971 95(3): 383–393. ISSN 0031-4587
- Tap, Bruce. "Race, Rhetoric, and Emancipation: the Election of 1862 in Illinois." Civil War History 1993 39(2): 101–125. ISSN 0009-8078
- Voegeli, Jacque. "The Northwest and the Race Issue, 1861–1862," Mississippi Valley Historical Review Vol. 50, No. 2 (September 1963), pp. 235–251 IN jstor
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
[edit]- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)