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Progressive Unionist Party

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the political group founded in 1938, see Ulster Progressive Unionist Association. For the Egyptian political group, see National Progressive Unionist Party.
Not to be confused with Protestant Unionist Party.

Progressive Unionist Party
Páirtí Aontachtach Forásach
AbbreviationPUP
LeaderRussell Watton
PresidentBilly Hutchinson
ChairmanBrian Lacey
FounderHugh Smyth
Founded1979 (1979)
Headquarters182 Shankill Road, Belfast, BT13 2BH
Paramilitary wingUlster Volunteer Force
Red Hand Commando
IdeologyBritish unionism
Ulster loyalism
Democratic socialism[1][2]
Social democracy
Political positionCentre-left[3][4] to left-wing[5]
Colours  Blue and   red
Northern Irish seats in the House of Commons
0 / 18
Northern Ireland Assembly
0 / 90
Local government in Northern Ireland
1 / 462
Website
www.pupni.com

The Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) is a minor unionist[6] political party in Northern Ireland. It was formed from the Independent Unionist Group operating in the Shankill area of Belfast, becoming the PUP in 1979. Linked to the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and Red Hand Commando (RHC), for a time it described itself as "the only left of centre unionist party" in Northern Ireland, with its main support base in the loyalist working class communities of Belfast.[7]

Since the Ulster Democratic Party's dissolution in 2001, the PUP has been the sole party in Northern Ireland representing paramilitary loyalism.[8]

Party leaders

[edit]
Leader From To
1 Hugh Smyth 1979 2002
2 David Ervine 2002 2007
3 Dawn Purvis 2007 2010
4 Brian Ervine 2010 2011
5 Billy Hutchinson 2011 2023
6 Russell Watton 2023 Incumbent

History

[edit]

The party was founded by Hugh Smyth in the mid-1970s as the "Independent Unionist Group". In 1977, two prominent members of the Northern Ireland Labour Party, David Overend and Jim McDonald, joined. Overend subsequently wrote many of the group's policy documents, incorporating much of the NILP's platform.[9][10] In 1979, the group was renamed the "Progressive Unionist Party".

In 1995, shortly after the Combined Loyalist Military Command announced a ceasefire, former UVF member Billy Hutchinson, who was jailed for the murder of two Catholics in 1974, defined the relationship between the PUP and the UVF: "The relationship is a very strict one in terms of acting as political confidants and providing political analysis for them, but it doesn't go any deeper than that."[11]

The party has had a degree of electoral success. In 1994 PUP leader Hugh Smyth became Lord Mayor of Belfast, and in the 1996 elections to the Northern Ireland Forum they secured two seats, with Smyth and David Ervine both being elected. The PUP supported the Belfast Agreement and in the 1998 election to the Northern Ireland Assembly they also won two seats, with Hutchinson and David Ervine elected from the Belfast North and East constituencies respectively. Hutchinson lost his seat in the 2003 election, leaving Ervine as their sole Assembly representative. This was followed by a poor showing in the Northern Ireland local election of 2005, where Smyth and Ervine were their only two members to retain their seats on local authorities, and the party now seems to be in a state of decline.

Their position on the left of the political spectrum differentiates them from other unionist parties (such as the Ulster Unionist Party and the Democratic Unionist Party) which are ideologically right-wing.[12]

Following a loyalist feud between the UVF and Loyalist Volunteer Force, in which four men were murdered by the UVF in Belfast and recognition of the UVF's ceasefire was withdrawn by the British government, the PUP debated ending its "special relationship" with the UVF. This was defeated in a closed vote at the party's annual conference in October 2005.

In March 2006, the Chairwoman of the PUP, Dawn Purvis, a research associate at the University of Ulster, was appointed as an independent member of the Northern Ireland Policing Board.

David Ervine died following a heart attack on 8 January 2007. On 22 January 2007 Dawn Purvis was chosen as party leader.[13] She is the second woman to lead a unionist party in Northern Ireland (after Anne Dickson's short-lived leadership of the Unionist Party of Northern Ireland following Brian Faulkner's retirement). Dr John Kyle was co-opted on to Belfast City Council to fill Ervine's seat. The party did not field any candidates for the 2010 general elections - party members were encouraged to vote for a candidate of their choice.

Assembly elections, March 2007

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The election was for 108 seats spread evenly across 18 constituencies.

The PUP fielded three candidates: Elaine Martin in North Down, Andrew Park in Belfast South and Dawn Purvis in Belfast East. Overall the party polled 3,822 votes or 0.6% of the votes cast in Northern Ireland, down 0.6% from the elections of 2003.

Dawn Purvis was elected to represent Belfast East, polling 3,045 votes (10.3%), finishing 5th out of the 15 candidates.

2010 resignations and relationship with UVF/RHC

[edit]

In June 2010, Dawn Purvis resigned as leader, and as a member, of the party because of its relationship with the UVF and a recent murder attributed to that group. John Kyle was subsequently appointed interim leader, following Purvis's resignation.[14][15] On 28 August 2010 the former deputy leader, David Rose, resigned from the party. He cited the recent murder attributed to the UVF and his belief that the party was "becoming increasingly conservative in outlook.[16]

During a meeting in Belfast on 29 September 2010, members of the party agreed to maintain its relationship with the Ulster Volunteer Force and the Red Hand Commando.[17][18] Despite the links with the UVF, Billy Hutchinson acknowledges that most UVF members vote for the larger Democratic Unionist Party.[19]

2011 local and Assembly elections, and Brian Ervine's leadership

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Brian Ervine was appointed PUP leader in October 2010.[20]

At their manifesto launch for the 2011 Assembly and local elections, the PUP revealed their manifesto pledges, including: a balanced economy, greater integrated education and building a full-size replica of the RMS Titanic to be docked in Belfast Harbour. Additionally, Ervine announced that he would be standing in Belfast East, and that the party would be running local candidates in Larne, Castlereagh and Derry as well as in Belfast and Antrim. [21]

No PUP candidates were elected to the Assembly, leaving the party without representation for the first time since 1998. Ervine himself finished behind Purvis who had run for re-election as an independent. She, too, was not elected. [22] [23]

Despite losing their Assembly seat, the PUP did return their two councillors in Belfast. [24]

A month after the elections, Ervine announced his resignation as party leader, and later was replaced by veteran west Belfast activist Billy Hutchinson in October 2011.[25]

Hutchinson leadership

[edit]

2014 local elections

[edit]

The PUP stood candidates for the new 'super councils' at the 2014 local elections, doubling their total number of representatives from two to four.[26]

In Belfast, deputy leader John Kyle was re-elected, this time for the Titanic district, while Hutchinson topped the poll in Court. The party were also joined on the council by Julie Anne Corr-Johnston, who regained a seat in Oldpark for the party. [27] [28]

On the Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council, Coleraine candidate, Russell Watton, was the first to be elected in that district.[29]

Hugh Smyth died during the election campaign.[30]

2016 and 2017 Assembly elections

[edit]

The PUP stood six candidates at the 2016 Assembly election, but, despite an increase in their overall vote, no candidates were elected.[31] [32]

Their support dipped slightly at the snap election in 2017, but did see an increase in their votes in North and East Belfast.[33][34] [35]

2019 local elections

[edit]

The party stood candidates at the 2019 local elections, including all four of their incumbent councillors. No further gains were made, with the party only losing their seat in Oldpark. [36][37]

Notable members

[edit]

Former UVF member Billy Giles, who spent 14 years in the Maze Prison for a sectarian killing, was part of the PUP's negotiating team at the Good Friday Agreement in April 1998.[38] Others involved in this process included Billy Mitchell, David Ervine, Jim McDonald, William 'Billy' Greer, Winston Churchill Rea and William "Plum" Smyth; all former UVF and Red Hand Commando members.

Electoral performance

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UK general elections

[edit]

1997 UK general election

[edit]
Constituency Candidate Votes % Position
Belfast South David Ervine 5,687 14.4 3
East Antrim Billy Donaldson 1,757 5.1 5
South Antrim Hugh Smyth 3,490 9.0 4

2001 UK general election

[edit]
Constituency Candidate Votes % Position
Belfast East David Ervine 3,669 10.0 4
Belfast South Dawn Purvis 1,112 2.9 6

Northern Ireland Assembly

[edit]
Election Seats won ± First Pref votes % ±
1998
2 / 108
 Steady 20,634 2.6% Steady
2003
1 / 108
 Decrease1 8,032 1.2% Decrease1.4%
2007
1 / 108
 Steady 3,822 0.6% Decrease1.2%
2011
0 / 108
 Decrease1 1,493 0.2% Decrease0.4%
2016
0 / 108
 Steady 5,955 0.9% Increase0.7%
2017
0 / 90
 Steady 5,590 0.7% Decrease0.2%
2022
0 / 90
 Steady 2,665 0.3% Decrease0.4%

Local Elections

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Election Seats won ± First Pref votes % ±
1981
1 / 526
 N/A 3,057 0.5% N/A
1985
2 / 565
 Increase1 3,612 0.6% Increase 0.1
1989
3 / 565
 Steady 3,839 0.6% Steady
1993
1 / 582
 Decrease2 2,350 0.4% Decrease 0.2
1997
7 / 582
 Increase 6 12,051 2% Increase 1.6
2001
4 / 582
 Decrease 3 12,261 1.55% Decrease 0.45
2005
2 / 582
 Decrease 2 4,591 0.7% Decrease 0.85
2011
2 / 582
 Steady 3,858 0.6% Decrease 0.1
2014
4 / 462
 Increase 1 12,753 2.0% Increase 1.4
2019
3 / 462
 Decrease1 5,338 0.79% Decrease 1.21
2023
1 / 462
 Decrease2 2,103 0.3% Decrease 0.5

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Edwards, Aaron (2007). "Democratic Socialism and Sectarianism: The Northern Ireland Labour Party and Progressive Unionist Party Compared". Politics. 27 (1): 24–31. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9256.2007.00275.x. S2CID 145393084.
  2. ^ New Statesman: Volume 131, Issues 4569-4576. London: New Statesman. 2002. p. 56.
  3. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ Coulter, John (11 September 2019). "A socialist alternative for Northern Ireland?". Northern Slant. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  5. ^ Coulter, John (11 September 2019). "A socialist alternative for Northern Ireland?". Northern Slant. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  6. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2011). "Northern Ireland/UK". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 29 December 2015.
  7. ^ "Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) - Your Questions". Pup-ni.org.uk. Archived from the original on 6 December 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  8. ^ Albert, Cornelia (2009). The Peacebuilding Elements of the Belfast Agreement and the Transformation of the Northern Ireland Conflict. Peter Lang. p. 60. ISBN 9783631585917.
  9. ^ Aaron Edwards, A history of the Northern Ireland Labour Party, p.219
  10. ^ Ed Moloney, Voices from the Grave: Two Men's War in Ireland, p.396
  11. ^ Brian Rowan, Behind the Lines: The Story of the IRA and Loyalist Ceasefires' (Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1995), p. 141
  12. ^ Taylor, Ros (28 January 1999). "Who's who in Northern Ireland". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via www.theguardian.com.
  13. ^ New PUP leader seeks Ervine seat Archived 25 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 23 January 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
  14. ^ "How links to the past ended leader's link with PUP". BBC News. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  15. ^ "Purvis quits PUP over murder of loyalist Moffett". BBC News. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  16. ^ "Leading PUP member, David Rose, quits party". BBC News. 28 August 2010. Archived from the original on 31 August 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  17. ^ "PUP 'keep link with loyalist UVF'". BBC News. 29 September 2010. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2018 – via BBC.
  18. ^ "PUP to maintain paramilitary link". www.newsletter.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  19. ^ "Jamie Bryson confuses me, says PUP's Billy Hutchinson". www.newsletter.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  20. ^ {{cite web|title = Brian Ervine elected new PUP leader|url = https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/politics/brian-ervine-elected-new-pup-leader/28565245.html%7Cwebsite = Belfast Telegraph|date = 18 October 2010|access-date = 20 August 2024.
  21. ^ "Progressive Unionist Party launch manifesto with Titanic pledges". Slugger O'Toole. 21 April 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  22. ^ "PUP leader Brian Ervine to resign". RTE News. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  23. ^ </ "Northern Ireland elections - Assembly". BBC News. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  24. ^ "Election 2011 - Northern Ireland council elections". BBC News. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  25. ^ "ITV Hub". ITV Hub. Archived from the original on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  26. ^ "Local Government Elections 2014". Ark Elections. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  27. ^ "BELFAST ELECTION RESULTS: BILLY HUTCHINSON AND MAIRTIN O'MUILLEOIR ELECTED". Belfast Daily. 23 May 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  28. ^ "2014 Belfast City Council Election". Ark Elections. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  29. ^ "Councillor: I took part in illegal UVF/UDA-linked parade – and I don't care". Belfast Newsletter. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  30. ^ "Former Progressive Unionist Party leader Hugh Smyth dies". BBC News. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  31. ^ "PUP pledges to bring necessary change". BBC News. 29 April 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  32. ^ "Northern Ireland Assembly Elections 2016". Ark Elections. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  33. ^ "Northern Ireland Assembly election 2017". BBC News. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  34. ^ "North Belfast". Ark Elections. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  35. ^ "Assembly Election 2017". Irish News. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  36. ^ "I asked for no electoral pacts in exchange for joining UUP, says ex PUP councillor Julie Anne-Corr-Johnston". Belfast Live. 27 June 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  37. ^ "As it happened: NI Council election 2019". BBC News. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  38. ^ Taylor, Peter (1999). Loyalists. London: Bloomsbury. p.8
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