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Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith

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Coordinates: 51°29′29″N 0°14′03″W / 51.4915°N 0.2341°W / 51.4915; -0.2341
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Hammersmith
Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith
Hammersmith Town Hall, built 1938 by E Berry Webber
Coat of arms of Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith
Coat of arms

Hammersmith within London from 1900 to 1965
Area
 • 19612,288 acres
 • Coordinates51°29′29″N 0°14′03″W / 51.4915°N 0.2341°W / 51.4915; -0.2341
Population
 • 184113,453
 • 1961110,333
History
 • Created1900
 • Abolished1965
 • Succeeded byLondon Borough of Hammersmith
GovernmentHammersmith Metropolitan Borough Council
 • TypeMetropolitan borough
 • HQHammersmith Town Hall, King Street
 • MottoSpectemur Agendo (Let us be judged by our actions)
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Hammersmith Vestry
London Borough of Hammersmith
London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
Today part ofLondon Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
Map Map of borough boundary

The Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith was a metropolitan borough in London, England from 1900 to 1965. It included Hammersmith, Wormwood Scrubs, Old Oak Common and Shepherd's Bush.

The borough was created in 1900 from the parish of Hammersmith, with the Hammersmith Metropolitan Borough Council replacing the Hammersmith Vestry.

In 1965, the borough was abolished and became the northern part of the London Borough of Hammersmith, later renamed to the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in 1979.

History

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The London Government Act 1899 reformed the administration of London by dividing the County of London into 28 metropolitan boroughs, replacing the 41 parish vestries and district boards of works administering the area.[1] Under the terms of the London Government Act 1899, each borough was to be governed by a borough council consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors.[1]

On 13 March 1900, Drafts of Orders in Council were laid before both Houses of Parliament for the establishment and incorporation of the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith.[2][3][4]

On 15 May 1900, by the "Borough of Hammersmith in Council, 1900" Order in Council, the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith was formed from the civil parish of Hammersmith, and the Hammersmith Metropolitan Borough Council (formally "The Mayor, Aldermen and Councillors of the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith") was established and incorporated as a body corporate, replacing the Hammersmith Vestry.[5]

The London Government Act 1963 created Greater London, divided into 32 London boroughs, abolishing civil parishes in London.[6] On 30 March 1965, The London Government Order 1965 was laid before the house, to effect the changes.[7]

On 1 April 1965, the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith ceased to exist and merged with the Metropolitan Borough of Fulham to form the London Borough of Hammersmith.[7] The Hammersmith Metropolitan Borough Council was succeeded by the Hammersmith London Borough Council.[8]

On 22 November 1978, a specially convened meeting of the council was held to change the borough's name.[9] Taking effect on 1 April 1979, the borough was renamed to the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham and the council was renamed to the Hammersmith and Fulham Borough Council.[9]

Coat of Arms

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Deputy Mayoress medal

The coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith was granted on 23 December 1897. The division of the field was "Party per pale azure and gules, on a chevron between two cross crosslets in chief and an escallop in base argent, three horse-shoes of the first". The crest was "On a wreath of the colours, upon the battlements of a tower two hammers in saltire all proper". The motto was "Spectemur agendo", meaning "Let us be judged by our actions".[10]

The cross crosslets come from the arms of Edward Latymer, who founded schools in Hammersmith in the seventeenth century which later evolved into Latymer Upper School and the Godolphin and Latymer School (both feature cross crosslets in their coats of arms). The horseshoes come from the arms of brickmaker Sir Nicholas Crispe, who introduced his technique into Hammersmith and who helped build a chapel, which was to become St Paul's, Hammersmith; and the scallop comes from the arms of George Pring, a surgeon who projected Hammersmith Bridge. The crest was a castle tower surmounted by two hammers, a pun on the name Hammersmith.[11]

The new Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council retained the Metropolitan Borough's motto of Spectemur agendo, although it was spelled out in English ("Let us be judged by our acts") in the new coat of arms for the first few years.[12]

Poor law

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With the introduction of the New Poor Law the parish became part of the Kensington Poor Law Union in 1837. From 1845, it was grouped with Fulham as the Fulham Poor Law Union.[13] In 1889 Hammersmith became a single parish for poor law purposes and this lasted until the boards of guardians were abolished in 1930.

Population and area

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The borough covered 2,286 acres (9.3 km2). It included Hammersmith, Wormwood Scrubs, Old Oak Common and Shepherd's Bush.

The population in each census was:

Hammersmith Vestry 1801–1899

Year[14] 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891
Population 5,600 7,393 8,809 10,222 13,453 17,760 24,519 42,691 71,939 97,239

Metropolitan Borough 1900–1961

Year[15] 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961
Population 112,239 121,521 130,295 135,523 [16] 119,367 110,333

Politics

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A map showing the wards of Hammersmith Metropolitan Borough as they appeared in 1916.

Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2,000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards; however the parishes of Fulham District Board of Works did not exceed this number so were not divided into wards.

In 1873 the population had increased enough for the parish of Hammersmith to be divided into three wards (electing vestrymen): North (24), Centre (27) and South (21).[17][18]

In 1894 as its population had increased the newly incorporated vestry was re-divided into six wards (electing vestrymen): No. 1 (12), No. 2 (18), No. 3 (15), No. 4 (15), No. 5 (6) and No. 6 (6).[19][20]

The metropolitan borough was divided into seven wards for elections: No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 and No. 7.[21][22]

Council

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See also: Hammersmith Metropolitan Borough Council

Parliament constituency

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For elections to Parliament, the borough was represented by one constituency:

In 1918 the borough's representation was increased to two seats:

In 1955 the borough's representation was reduced to one and a half seats, when part of it was merged with Fulham:

References

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  1. ^ a b "London Government Act 1899". vLex. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  2. ^ "London Government Act, 1899 (Metropolitan Boroughs)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 80. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. 13 March 1900. col. 724.
  3. ^ "London Government Act, 1899 (Metropolitan Boroughs)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 80. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Lords. 13 March 1900. col. 699.
  4. ^ "London Government Act, 1899 (Metropolitan Boroughs). Drafts of orders in council for the establishment of ... Battersea, Bermondsey, Bethnal Green, ..." HathiTrust. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  5. ^ "Page 3567 | Issue 27199, 5 June 1900 | London Gazette | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  6. ^ "London Government Act 1963". legislation.gov.uk. 31 July 1963. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  7. ^ a b "The London Government Order 1965". legislation.gov.uk. 30 March 1965. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  8. ^ "London Government Act 1963". legislation.gov.uk. 31 July 1963. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Page 2095 | Issue 47771, 13 February 1979 | London Gazette | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  10. ^ Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1915). The book of public arms: a complete encyclopædia of all royal, territorial, municipal, corporate, official, and impersonal arms (1st ed.). London; Edinburgh: T.C. & E.C. Jack. pp. 352–353. ISBN 9789353895433.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  11. ^ "Civic Heraldry – County of London". Civic Heraldry. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  12. ^ "Insignia | London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham". www.lbhf.gov.uk. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  13. ^ "Hammersmith". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  14. ^ Statistical Abstract for London, 1901 (Vol. IV)
  15. ^ "GB Historical GIS, University of Portsmouth, Hammersmith MetB through time, Population Statistics, Total Population, A Vision of Britain through Time". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  16. ^ The census was suspended for World War II
  17. ^ The London Gazette Issue: 23959. 18 March 1873. p. 1563. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  18. ^ The London Gazette Issue: 23987. 13 June 1873. p. 2838. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  19. ^ The London Gazette Issue: 26503. 13 April 1894. p. 2101. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  20. ^ The London Gazette Issue: 26526. 26 June 1894. pp. 3658–3659. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  21. ^ Post Office London County Suburbs Directory, 1919. 1919. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  22. ^ Ordnance Survey 'County Series 3rd Edition' Map of London (1912-14) at 1:2500 scale. Accessed at https://www.old-maps.co.uk/

Further reading

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