List of governors of Virginia
History of Virginia |
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The governor of Virginia is the state's head of government and commander-in-chief of the state's official national guard. The first Constitution of 1776 created the office of governor, to be elected annually by the Virginia State Legislature. The governor could serve up to three years at a time, and once out of office, could not serve again for four years.[1] The 1830 constitution changed the thrice-renewable one-year term length to a non-renewable three-year term, and set the start date at the first day in January following an election.[2] This constitution also prevented governors from succeeding themselves, a prohibition that exists to the present day.[3] The 1851 Constitution increased terms to four years[4] and made the office elected by the people, rather than the legislature.[5] The commencement of the Governor's term was moved to the first day in February by the 1902 Constitution,[6] and then to the Saturday after the second Wednesday in January by the 1971 and current Constitution.[7]
If the office of governor is vacant due to death, impeachment and disqualification, or resignation, the lieutenant governor of Virginia becomes governor.[8] The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1851.[9] Prior to that a Council of State existed; it chose from among its members a president who would be "lieutenant-governor" and would act as governor when there was a vacancy in that office.[1][10] The governor and the lieutenant governor are elected at the same time but not on the same ticket. Officially, there have been 74 governors of Virginia; the acting governors are not counted.
Governors
[edit]Virginia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on June 25, 1788.[11] Before it declared its independence, Virginia was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. It seceded from the Union on April 17, 1861,[12] and was admitted to the Confederate States of America on May 7, 1861.[13] Following the end of the American Civil War, Virginia during Reconstruction constituted the First Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Virginia was readmitted to the Union on January 26, 1870.[14]
The federal government recognized the Restored Government of Virginia, based in Wheeling, as the legitimate government in Virginia on June 25, 1861. It elected its own slate of governors, and after West Virginia was split from Virginia on June 20, 1863, the restored government relocated to Alexandria.
No. | Governor | Term in office | Party | Election | Lt. Governor[a][b] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Patrick Henry (1736–1799) [15] |
July 6, 1776[16] – June 1, 1779 (term-limited)[c] |
None[18] | 1776 | Office did not exist | |||
1777 | ||||||||
1778 | ||||||||
2 | ![]() |
Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) [19] |
June 1, 1779[20] – June 4, 1781 (did not run) |
None[18] | 1779 | |||
1780 | ||||||||
3 | ![]() |
William Fleming (1727–1795) [21] |
June 4, 1781[22] – June 12, 1781 (did not run) |
None[18] | Senior member of Governor's Council acting[d] | |||
4 | ![]() |
Thomas Nelson Jr. (1738–1789) [25] |
June 12, 1781[24] – November 22, 1781 (resigned)[e] |
None[18] | 1781 (special) | |||
– | ![]() |
David Jameson (1723–1793) [26] |
November 22, 1781[27] – December 1, 1781 (did not run) |
None[18] | Senior member of Governor's Council acting | |||
5 | ![]() |
Benjamin Harrison V (1726–1791) [28] |
December 1, 1781[27] – November 30, 1784 (term-limited)[c] |
None[18] | 1781 | |||
1782 | ||||||||
1783 | ||||||||
6 | Patrick Henry (1736–1799) [15] |
November 30, 1784[29] – November 30, 1786 (did not run) |
None[18] | 1784 | ||||
1785 | ||||||||
7 | ![]() |
Edmund Randolph (1753–1813) [30] |
November 30, 1786[31] – November 12, 1788 (resigned)[f] |
None[18] | 1786 | |||
1787 | ||||||||
8 | ![]() |
Beverley Randolph (1754–1797) [34][35] |
November 12, 1788[29] – December 1, 1791 (term-limited)[c] |
None[18] | Senior member of Governor's Council acting | |||
1788 | ||||||||
1789 | ||||||||
1790 | ||||||||
9 | ![]() |
Henry Lee III (1756–1818) [36][37] |
December 1, 1791[29] – December 1, 1794 (term-limited)[c] |
Federalist[23] | 1791 | |||
1792 | ||||||||
1793 | ||||||||
10 | ![]() |
Robert Brooke (d. 1800) [38][39] |
December 1, 1794[29] – November 30, 1796 (resigned)[g] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1794 | |||
1795 | ||||||||
11 | ![]() |
James Wood (1741–1813) [40][41] |
November 30, 1796[29] – December 19, 1799 (term-limited)[h][c] |
Democratic- Republican[40] |
Senior member of Governor's Council acting | |||
1796 | ||||||||
1797 | ||||||||
1798 | ||||||||
12 | ![]() |
James Monroe (1758–1831) [46][47] |
December 19, 1799[48] – December 29, 1802 (term-limited)[c] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1799 | |||
1800 | ||||||||
1801 | ||||||||
13 | ![]() |
John Page (1743–1808) [49][50] |
December 29, 1802[29] – December 11, 1805 (term-limited)[c] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1802 | |||
1803 | ||||||||
1804 | ||||||||
14 | ![]() |
William H. Cabell (1772–1853) [51][52] |
December 11, 1805[29] – December 12, 1808 (term-limited)[c] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1805 | |||
1806 | ||||||||
1807 | ||||||||
15 | ![]() |
John Tyler Sr. (1747–1813) [53][54] |
December 12, 1808[29] – January 15, 1811 (resigned)[i] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1808 | |||
1809 | ||||||||
1810 | ||||||||
— | ![]() |
George William Smith (1762–1811) [55][56] |
January 15, 1811[29] – January 19, 1811 (lost election) |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
Senior member of Governor's Council acting | |||
16 | ![]() |
James Monroe (1758–1831) [46][47] |
January 19, 1811[29] – April 3, 1811 (resigned)[j] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1811 (special) | |||
17 | ![]() |
George William Smith (1762–1811) [55][56] |
April 3, 1811[29] – December 26, 1811 (died in office) |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
Senior member of Governor's Council acting | |||
1811 | ||||||||
— | ![]() |
Peyton Randolph (1779–1828) [57][58] |
December 26, 1811[29] – January 4, 1812 (successor took office) |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
Senior member of Governor's Council acting | |||
18 | ![]() |
James Barbour (1775–1842) [59][60] |
January 4, 1812[29] – December 11, 1814 (did not run) |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
Jan. 1812 | |||
1812 | ||||||||
1813 | ||||||||
19 | ![]() |
Wilson Cary Nicholas (1761–1820) [61][62] |
December 11, 1814[29] – December 11, 1816 (did not run) |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1814 | |||
1815 | ||||||||
20 | ![]() |
James Patton Preston (1774–1843) [63][64] |
December 11, 1816[29] – December 11, 1819 (term-limited)[c] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1816 | |||
1817 | ||||||||
1818 | ||||||||
21 | ![]() |
Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. (1768–1828) [65][66] |
December 11, 1819[29] – December 11, 1822 (term-limited)[c] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1819 | |||
1820 | ||||||||
1821 | ||||||||
22 | ![]() |
James Pleasants (1769–1836) [67][68] |
December 11, 1822[29] – December 11, 1825 (term-limited)[c] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1822 | |||
1823 | ||||||||
1824 | ||||||||
23 | ![]() |
John Tyler (1790–1862) [69][70] |
December 11, 1825[29] – March 4, 1827 (resigned)[k] |
Democratic- Republican[23] |
1825 | |||
24 | ![]() |
William Branch Giles (1762–1830) [71][72] |
March 4, 1827[29] – March 4, 1830 (term-limited)[c] |
Democratic- Republican[l] |
1827 | |||
1828 | ||||||||
1829 | ||||||||
25 | ![]() |
John Floyd (1783–1837) [74][75] |
March 4, 1830[29] – March 31, 1834 (term-limited)[m] |
Democratic[74] | 1830 | |||
1831 | ||||||||
26 | ![]() |
Littleton Waller Tazewell (1774–1860) [77][78] |
March 31, 1834[29] – March 30, 1836 (resigned)[n] |
Democratic[77] | 1834 | |||
— | ![]() |
Wyndham Robertson (1803–1888) [79][80] |
March 30, 1836[29] – March 31, 1837 (successor took office) |
Whig[o] | Senior member of Governor's Council acting | |||
27 | ![]() |
David Campbell (1779–1859) [81][82] |
March 31, 1837[29] – March 31, 1840 (term-limited)[m] |
Democratic[p] | 1837 | |||
28 | ![]() |
Thomas Walker Gilmer (1802–1844) [83][84] |
March 31, 1840[29] – March 20, 1841 (resigned)[q] |
Whig[83] | 1840 | |||
— | ![]() |
John M. Patton (1797–1858) [85][86] |
March 20, 1841[29] – March 31, 1841 (successor took office) |
Whig[85] | Senior member of Governor's Council acting[r] | |||
— | ![]() |
John Rutherfoord (1792–1866) [87][88] |
March 31, 1841[29] – March 31, 1842 (successor took office) |
Democratic[87] | Senior member of Governor's Council acting[r] | |||
— | ![]() |
John Munford Gregory (1804–1884) [89][90] |
March 31, 1842[29] – January 5, 1843 (successor took office) |
Whig[89] | Senior member of Governor's Council acting[r] | |||
29 | ![]() |
James McDowell (1775–1851) [91][92] |
January 5, 1843[29] – January 1, 1846 (term-limited)[m] |
Whig[91] | 1842 | |||
30 | ![]() |
William Smith (1797–1887) [93][94] |
January 1, 1846[29] – January 1, 1849 (term-limited)[m] |
Democratic[23] | 1845 | |||
31 | ![]() |
John B. Floyd (1806–1863) [95][96] |
January 1, 1849[97] – January 1, 1852 (term-limited)[m] |
Democratic[23] | 1848 | |||
32 | ![]() |
Joseph Johnson (1785–1877) [98][99] |
January 1, 1852[100] – January 1, 1856 (term-limited)[s] |
Democratic[23] | 1851 | Shelton Leake | ||
33 | ![]() |
Henry A. Wise (1806–1876) [102][103] |
January 1, 1856[104] – January 1, 1860 (term-limited)[s] |
Democratic[23] | 1855 | Elisha W. McComas (resigned December 7, 1857) | ||
William Lowther Jackson | ||||||||
34 | ![]() |
John Letcher (1813–1884) [105][106] |
January 1, 1860[29] – January 1, 1864 (term-limited)[s] |
Democratic[23] | 1859[t] | Robert Latane Montague | ||
— | ![]() |
William Smith (1797–1887) [93][94] |
January 1, 1864[29] – May 9, 1865 (government disestablished)[u] |
Democratic[23] | 1863 (Confederate)[t] |
Samuel Price | ||
35 | ![]() |
Francis Harrison Pierpont (1814–1889) [108] |
June 20, 1861[109] – April 4, 1868 (removed)[v] |
Union[23] | 1861 (Union)[t] |
Daniel Polsley | ||
Vacant | ||||||||
1863 (Union)[t] |
Leopold Copeland Parker Cowper | |||||||
— | ![]() |
Henry H. Wells (1823–1900) [110][111] |
April 4, 1868[112] – September 21, 1869 (resigned)[w] |
Military occupation | Vacant | |||
36 | ![]() |
Gilbert Carlton Walker (1833–1885) [113][114] |
September 21, 1869[115] – January 1, 1874 (term-limited)[x] |
Installed by military occupation |
John F. Lewis | |||
Republican[y] | 1869 | John Lawrence Marye Jr.[z] | ||||||
37 | ![]() |
James L. Kemper (1823–1895) [117][118] |
January 1, 1874[119] – January 1, 1878 (term-limited)[aa] |
Democratic[23] | 1873 | Robert E. Withers (resigned March 1, 1875) | ||
Henry Wirtz Thomas[ab] | ||||||||
38 | ![]() |
Frederick W. M. Holliday (1828–1899) [121][122] |
January 1, 1878[123] – January 1, 1882 (term-limited)[aa] |
Democratic[23] | 1877 | James A. Walker | ||
39 | ![]() |
William E. Cameron (1842–1927) [124][125] |
January 1, 1882[ac] – January 1, 1886 (term-limited)[aa] |
Readjuster[23] | 1881 | John F. Lewis[ab] | ||
40 | ![]() |
Fitzhugh Lee (1835–1905) [127][128] |
January 1, 1886[129] – January 1, 1890 (term-limited)[aa] |
Democratic[23] | 1885 | John E. Massey | ||
41 | ![]() |
Philip W. McKinney (1832–1899) [130][131] |
January 1, 1890[132] – January 1, 1894 (term-limited)[aa] |
Democratic[23] | 1889 | James H. Tyler | ||
42 | ![]() |
Charles Triplett O'Ferrall (1840–1905) [133][134] |
January 1, 1894[135] – January 1, 1898 (term-limited)[aa] |
Democratic[23] | 1893 | Robert C. Kent | ||
43 | ![]() |
James Hoge Tyler (1846–1925) [136][137] |
January 1, 1898[138] – January 1, 1902 (term-limited)[aa] |
Democratic[23] | 1897 | Edward Echols | ||
44 | ![]() |
Andrew Jackson Montague (1862–1937) [139][140] |
January 1, 1902[141] – February 1, 1906 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1901 | Joseph Edward Willard | ||
45 | ![]() |
Claude A. Swanson (1862–1939) [143][144] |
February 1, 1906[145] – February 1, 1910 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1905 | James Taylor Ellyson | ||
46 | ![]() |
William Hodges Mann (1843–1927) [146][147] |
February 1, 1910[148] – February 1, 1914 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1909 | |||
47 | ![]() |
Henry Carter Stuart (1855–1933) [149][150] |
February 1, 1914[ae] – February 1, 1918 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1913 | |||
48 | ![]() |
Westmoreland Davis (1859–1942) [152][153] |
February 1, 1918[154] – February 1, 1922 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1917 | Benjamin Franklin Buchanan | ||
49 | ![]() |
Elbert Lee Trinkle (1876–1939) [155][156] |
February 1, 1922[157] – February 1, 1926 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1921 | Junius Edgar West | ||
50 | ![]() |
Harry F. Byrd (1887–1966) [158][159] |
February 1, 1926[160] – January 15, 1930 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1925 | |||
51 | ![]() |
John Garland Pollard (1871–1937) [161][162] |
January 15, 1930[163] – January 16, 1934 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1929 | James Hubert Price | ||
52 | ![]() |
George C. Peery (1873–1952) [164][165] |
January 17, 1934[166] – January 18, 1938 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1933 | |||
53 | ![]() |
James Hubert Price (1878–1943) [167][168] |
January 19, 1938[169] – January 20, 1942 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1937 | Saxon W. Holt (died March 31, 1940) | ||
Vacant | ||||||||
54 | ![]() |
Colgate Darden (1897–1981) [170][171] |
January 21, 1942[172] – January 15, 1946 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1941 | William M. Tuck | ||
55 | ![]() |
William M. Tuck (1896–1983) [173][174] |
January 16, 1946[175] – January 17, 1950 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1945 | Lewis Preston Collins II (died September 20, 1952) | ||
56 | ![]() |
John S. Battle (1890–1972) [176][177] |
January 18, 1950[178] – January 19, 1954 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1949 | |||
Vacant | ||||||||
Allie Edward Stakes Stephens (elected December 2, 1952) | ||||||||
57 | ![]() |
Thomas B. Stanley (1890–1970) [179][180] |
January 20, 1954[181] – January 11, 1958 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1953 | |||
58 | ![]() |
J. Lindsay Almond (1898–1986) [182][183] |
January 11, 1958[184] – January 13, 1962 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1957 | |||
59 | ![]() |
Albertis Harrison (1907–1995) [185][186] |
January 13, 1962[187] – January 15, 1966 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1961 | Mills Godwin | ||
60 | ![]() |
Mills Godwin (1914–1999) [188][189] |
January 15, 1966[190] – January 17, 1970 (term-limited)[ad] |
Democratic[23] | 1965 | Fred G. Pollard | ||
61 | ![]() |
Linwood Holton (1923–2021) [191][192] |
January 17, 1970[193] – January 12, 1974 (term-limited)[af] |
Republican[23] | 1969 | J. Sargeant Reynolds[ag] (died June 13, 1971) | ||
Vacant | ||||||||
Henry Howell[ag] (elected December 4, 1971) | ||||||||
62 | ![]() |
Mills Godwin (1914–1999) [188][189] |
January 12, 1974[195] – January 14, 1978 (term-limited)[af] |
Republican[23] | 1973 | John N. Dalton | ||
63 | ![]() |
John N. Dalton (1931–1986) [196][197] |
January 14, 1978[198] – January 16, 1982 (term-limited)[af] |
Republican[197] | 1977 | Chuck Robb[ag] | ||
64 | ![]() |
Chuck Robb (b. 1939) [199] |
January 16, 1982[200] – January 11, 1986 (term-limited)[af] |
Democratic[199] | 1981 | Gerald L. Baliles | ||
65 | ![]() |
Gerald Baliles (1940–2019) [201] |
January 11, 1986[202] – January 13, 1990 (term-limited)[af] |
Democratic[201] | 1985 | Douglas Wilder | ||
66 | ![]() |
Douglas Wilder (b. 1931) [203] |
January 13, 1990[204] – January 15, 1994 (term-limited)[af] |
Democratic[203] | 1989 | Don Beyer[ag] | ||
67 | ![]() |
George Allen (b. 1952) [205] |
January 15, 1994[206] – January 17, 1998 (term-limited)[af] |
Republican[205] | 1993 | |||
68 | ![]() |
Jim Gilmore (b. 1949) [207] |
January 17, 1998[208] – January 12, 2002 (term-limited)[af] |
Republican[207] | 1997 | John H. Hager | ||
69 | ![]() |
Mark Warner (b. 1954) [209] |
January 12, 2002[210] – January 14, 2006 (term-limited)[af] |
Democratic[209] | 2001 | Tim Kaine | ||
70 | ![]() |
Tim Kaine (b. 1958) [211] |
January 14, 2006[212] – January 16, 2010 (term-limited)[af] |
Democratic[211] | 2005 | Bill Bolling[ab] | ||
71 | ![]() |
Bob McDonnell (b. 1954) [213] |
January 16, 2010[214] – January 11, 2014 (term-limited)[af] |
Republican[213] | 2009 | |||
72 | ![]() |
Terry McAuliffe (b. 1957) [215] |
January 11, 2014[216] – January 13, 2018 (term-limited)[af] |
Democratic[215] | 2013 | Ralph Northam | ||
73 | ![]() |
Ralph Northam (b. 1959) [217] |
January 13, 2018[218] – January 15, 2022 (term-limited)[af] |
Democratic[217] | 2017 | Justin Fairfax | ||
74 | ![]() |
Glenn Youngkin (b. 1966) [219] |
January 15, 2022[220] – Incumbent[ah] |
Republican[219] | 2021 | Winsome Sears |
See also
[edit]- Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States#Virginia
- List of Virginia state legislatures
- First ladies of Virginia
Notes
[edit]- ^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1851 and first filled in 1852.
- ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Under the 1776 constitution, governors were ineligible to serve longer than three years successively.[17]
- ^ Jefferson refused re-election and left office at the end of his term. As the legislature had not yet elected a successor, due in part to chaos stemming from the Raid on Richmond, Fleming acted as governor until the next election.[21][23][24]
- ^ Nelson resigned due to ill health.[23]
- ^ Randolph resigned to serve in the Virginia House of Delegates and promote the United States Constitution there.[32][33][29]
- ^ Brooke resigned, having been elected Attorney General of Virginia.[29]
- ^ Many sources say that Hardin Burnley acted as governor, either from February 7, 1799,[42] or December 7,[43] serving until he resigned due to poor health on December 11,[44] at which time John Pendleton Jr. took over as acting governor[45] until Monroe became governor on December 19. However, details of their terms are sparse and it's unknown how official their capacity was, and Sobel's entry on Wood mentions no acting governors and says that he left office on December 19.[40]
- ^ Tyler resigned, having been confirmed to the United States District Court for the District of Virginia.[53]
- ^ Monroe resigned, having been appointed United States Secretary of State.[47]
- ^ Tyler resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[69]
- ^ Giles is labeled a Democrat by Dubin[73] and Sobel,[71] and a Democratic-Republican by Glashan[18] and Kallenbach.[23]
- ^ a b c d e Under the 1830 constitution, governors were ineligible to serve again until three years after their term.[76]
- ^ Tazewell resigned over disagreements with the General Assembly.[77]
- ^ Robertson is labeled a State's Rights Democrat by Kallenbach,[23] a Democrat by Glashan,[18] and a Whig by Sobel.[79]
- ^ Campbell is labeled a Whig by Glashan[18] and Kallenbach,[23] and a Democrat by Dubin[73] and Sobel.[81]
- ^ Gilmer resigned, having been elected to the United States House of Representatives for a term beginning March 4, 1841; he delayed his resignation two weeks, finally resigning due to a disagreement with the General Assembly on extradition.[83]
- ^ a b c After Gilmer's resignation, Patton acted as governor until the election, but the General Assembly failed to elect a successor, so the senior members of the Governor's Council each acted as governor for a year.[23]
- ^ a b c Under the 1851 constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[101]
- ^ a b c d Virginia proclaimed its secession from the Union on April 17, 1861. In response, delegates from the northwestern counties assembled at Wheeling and formed the Restored Government of Virginia, which the federal government recognized as the legitimate government of Virginia on June 25, 1861. It operated a government, including state and federal elections, over the northwestern part of the state, the counties immediately around Washington, D.C., and the eastern shore. On June 20, 1863, the northwestern counties were split into their own state, West Virginia, and the Restored Government relocated to Alexandria, and after the fall of Richmond, the government relocated to Richmond to be the sole state government.
- ^ President Andrew Johnson issued an executive order on May 9, 1865, proclaiming that the state government run by Letcher and Smith had been illegitimate as of April 17, 1861, and that Pierpont was the legitimate governor.[107] Smith continued to attempt to claim the office until May 20.[29]
- ^ The Reconstruction Acts placed Virginia under full military control, and General John Schofield appointed Wells provisional governor.[110]
- ^ Wells was ordered to resign by General Edward Canby, who appointed Walker (who had already won election) in his place.
- ^ Under the 1864 constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[116]
- ^ Walker ran in 1869 as a "Conservative Republican"[23] to differentiate from his opponent who was running as a Radical Republican.[113]
- ^ Represented the Conservative Party
- ^ a b c d e f g Under the 1870 constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[120]
- ^ a b c Represented the Republican Party
- ^ The constitutional start date of the gubernatorial term was January 1, with no requirement for an oath; Cameron was not sworn in until January 2, presumably because January 1 was a Sunday.[126]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Under the 1902 constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[142]
- ^ The constitutional start date of the gubernatorial term was February 1, with no requirement for an oath; Stuart was not sworn in until February 2, presumably because February 1 was a Sunday.[151]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Under the 1971 constitution, governors are ineligible to succeed themselves.[194]
- ^ a b c d Represented the Democratic Party
- ^ Youngkin's term will expire on January 17, 2026; he will be term-limited.
References
[edit]- General
- "Former Virginia Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. IV. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
- Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
- Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
- Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
- "Our Campaigns - Governor of Virginia - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- "Our Campaigns - Governor of Virginia (CSA) - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- Specific
- ^ a b 1776 Const.
- ^ 1830 Const. Art IV section 1.
- ^ VA Const. Art V sec 1
- ^ 1851 Const. art V section 1.
- ^ 1851 Const. Art V section 2.
- ^ 1902 Const. Art V section 69.
- ^ VA Const. art V section 1.
- ^ VA Const. Art V section 16.
- ^ 1851 Const. art V section 8.
- ^ 1830 Const. art IV section 5.
- ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Virginia; June 26, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
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On the 19th inst. his Excellenecy James Monroe, Esq., qualified as Governor of the state of Virginia...
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- ^ "Joseph Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ "none". Richmond Enquirer. January 2, 1852. p. 2. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
Governor Floyd's term expired on Wednesday, and yesterday, at 12 M., Governor Joseph Johnson appeared at the Council Chamber... when the oaths of office, required to be taken by a Governor of the Commonwealth, were administered to Governor Johnson.
- ^ "1851 Va. Const. art. V, § 1". Retrieved December 20, 2023.
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- ^ "none". Alexandria Gazette. January 1, 1874. p. 2. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
Gen. James L. Kemper was today inaugurated Governor of Virginia.
- ^ "1870 Va. Const. art. IV, § 1". Retrieved December 20, 2023.
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- ^ "It's Now Gov. O'Ferrall". The Norfolk Virginian. January 2, 1894. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1653–1654.
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- ^ "1902 Va. Const. art. V, § 69". Retrieved December 20, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1655.
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- ^ "Governor C. A. Swanson Takes Office Before a Brilliant Throng". Richmond Times-Dispatch. February 2, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1656.
- ^ "William Hodges Mann". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
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- ^ "Henry Carter Stuart". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
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- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1657–1658.
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- ^ "While Guns Boom in Salute, Takes Pledge of Office". Richmond Times-Dispatch. February 2, 1922. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1659–1660.
- ^ "Harry Flood Byrd". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ "Harry F. Byrd Takes Reins of Government". Richmond Times-Dispatch. February 2, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1660–1661.
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- ^ "Pollard Stresses Need of Public Support of Laws in His Inaugural Address; Many Witness Ceremony". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 16, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1661–1662.
- ^ "George Campbell Peery". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
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- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1662–1663.
- ^ "James Hubert Price". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Latimer, James (January 20, 1938). "Price Dons Robe of State as Governor". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1663–1664.
- ^ "Colgate Whitehead Darden". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Latimer, James (January 22, 1942). "Small Loan Rate Slash Is Advocated". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1664.
- ^ "William Munford Tuck". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ "Governor Would End Federal Aid". Richmond Times-Dispatch. January 17, 1946. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1665.
- ^ "John Stewart Battle". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Latimer, James (January 19, 1950). "New Governor Urges Fast Vote of Grants and Loans in 'Crisis'". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1665–1666.
- ^ "Thomas Bahnson Stanley". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
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- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1666–1667.
- ^ "James Lindsay Almond". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Latimer, James (January 12, 1958). "Almond Asks 2 Moves to Combat Integration". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1667–1668.
- ^ "Albertis S. Harrison". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Latimer, James (January 14, 1962). "Harrison Asks Educational Renaissance". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1A. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1668–1669.
- ^ a b "Mills Edwin Godwin". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Latimer, James (January 16, 1966). "New Governor Exhorts Virginia to Seek Progress in Education". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1A. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1669–1670.
- ^ "Linwood Holton". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Latimer, James (January 18, 1970). "Holton to Strive to Make State 'A Model of Race Relations'". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ "Va. Const. art. V, § 1". Retrieved December 20, 2023.
- ^ Latimer, James (January 13, 1974). "Set Example of Integrity for U.S., New Governor Urges Virginians". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1670–1671.
- ^ a b "John Nichols Dalton". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Latimer, James (January 15, 1978). "Dalton Pledges 'New Dominion'". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "Charles Spittal Robb". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Eisman, Dale (January 17, 1982). "Robb Sees National Role for Virginia". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "Gerald L. Baliles". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Eisman, Dale (January 12, 1986). "Baliles, Wilder, Ms. Terry Sworn In, Say State 'Leading the Nation Again'". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "L. Douglas Wilder". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Hardy, Michael; Schapiro, Jeff E. (January 14, 1990). "Salute Freedom Today, Expand It, Wilder Tells 30,000 at Inaugural". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "George Allen". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Whitley, Tyler (January 16, 1994). "It's Allen, for a Change". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "James S. Gilmore". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Intress, Ruth S.; Stallsmith, Pamela (January 18, 1998). "'Common Man' Now Governor". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "Mark R. Warner". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Schapiro, Jeff E. (January 13, 2002). "Warner Inaugurated". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "Tim Kaine". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Schapiro, Jeff E. (January 15, 2006). "Gov. Kaine Takes Office". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "Robert McDonnell". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Whitley, Tyler (January 17, 2010). "State of Opportunity". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "Terry McAuliffe". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Nolan, Jim; Meola, Olympia (January 12, 2014). "The Work Begins". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "Ralph Northam". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Moomaw, Graham (January 14, 2018). "New Hand at the Helm". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b "Glenn Youngkin". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ Leonor, Mel (January 16, 2022). "Youngkin Sworn In As Governor". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. A1. Retrieved July 19, 2023.